Exorcism is the ritual or practice primarily aimed at expelling a malevolent spiritual entity, such as a demon or other possessing spirit, from a person, animal, or place. Rooted in ancient religious, spiritual, and shamanistic traditions, the practice of exorcism is found in numerous cultures and faiths worldwide, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and various indigenous belief systems. The methods employed in an exorcism vary significantly depending on the tradition, but commonly include prayers, incantations, religious symbols (like crosses or holy water), sacred texts, fasting by the exorcist, and commands directed at the possessing entity.

The goal of an exorcism is to liberate the afflicted individual from the entity’s control and restore their well-being. Historically, exorcisms were often performed to cure illnesses believed to be caused by evil spirits. In modern times, while some religious institutions still officially sanction and perform exorcisms, there is significant debate, particularly within scientific and medical communities, regarding their efficacy and the true nature of the conditions they address. Many alleged cases of possession are now attributed to psychological or neurological disorders, leading to a cautious approach that often involves collaboration between religious leaders and medical professionals. Despite the controversies, the practice persists, reflecting a deep-seated human need to confront and overcome perceived evil forces.